How is a molecule classified if it has a positive electrical charge?

A molecule is classified as a cation when it possesses a positive electrical charge. This occurs when there are more protons than electrons in the molecule, leading to an overall positive charge. Cations typically form when an atom loses one or more electrons, which can occur during chemical reactions or interactions with other ions or molecules. Understanding cations is essential in the context of wastewater treatment and environmental science, as they often play critical roles in the chemical processes involved in water quality management and nutrient cycling.

In contrast, the term anion refers to negatively charged molecules, which means they have gained one or more electrons. Neutral ions do not possess a charge at all, while amphoteric ions have the ability to act as either acids or bases depending on the surrounding environment. The classification of cation is essential for understanding chemical behaviors and reactions, particularly in relation to wastewater treatment processes.